Description
Clostridium butyricum as a feed additive can reflect five biological characteristics in animal intestines:
The first is to promote the proliferation and development of beneficial flora (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus) in animal intestines, inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful bacteria and spoilage bacteria in the intestines, correct the disorder of intestinal flora, and reduce the occurrence of enterotoxins< br />
Second, it can produce B vitamins, vitamin K, amylase and other substances in the intestinal tract of animals, which has a health care effect< br />
Third, butyric acid, the main metabolite of Clostridium butyricum, is the main nutrient for the regeneration and repair of intestinal epithelial cells< br />
Fourth, anaerobic or facultative anaerobic bacillus, which is not affected by gastric acid, bile acid, etc< br />
Fifth, it has strong tolerance to a variety of feed antibiotics and can be used in combination< br />
The use of Clostridium butyricum as a new feed additive is of great significance in reducing the abuse of antibiotic products in current feed, reducing the residue of drugs in meat, reducing the drug resistance of animal bacteria and ensuring animal health< br />
Efficacy
Adjust the balance of intestinal colonies and promote the proliferation of beneficial intestinal flora
The imbalance of intestinal flora will lead to the occurrence of various diseases. Clostridium butyricum can promote the proliferation of beneficial bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria and Bacteroides, and effectively inhibit the reproduction of Staphylococcus, Candida, Klebsiella, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi and spoilage bacteria that cause diseases, thereby reducing amines, indoles, hydrogen sulfide and other harmful substances< br />
Experiments show that the fecal flora of healthy people is known to be dominated by anaerobic bacteria, and Bifidobacterium is one of the highest and most common normal flora in humans and animals< br />
Zhangdarong et al. Confirmed that the flora imbalance in patients with irritable bowel syndrome is manifested in the reduction of the amount of total anaerobic bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, which are the main proportion of the fecal flora, while the potentially pathogenic Clostridium, which accounts for a small proportion of the intestinal flora, is significantly increased. After treatment with Clostridium butyricum, there is no significant difference between the fecal flora of bifidobacteria, spore free anaerobic bacteria, coliform, Enterococcus and Lactobacillus and healthy people, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, which account for a large proportion of the intestinal tract, increased significantly, while Clostridium, which has potential pathogenicity, decreased significantly, and the clinical symptoms improved significantly< br />
Zhao Xi et al. Reported that butyric acid bacteria preparation increased the number of bifidobacteria in the intestine, with a significant difference (p≤ 0.01), and the number of Lactobacillus increased, with a significant difference (p≤ 0.05). Fu Siwu et al. Confirmed that there was no significant change in the number of Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus and bacteroides in the subjects after taking butyric acid bacteria preparation. The number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus increased, and the difference was very significant (p≤ 0.01)< br />
Zhang Xueping et al. Studied the biological antagonism of butyric acid bacteria preparation against intestinal pathogenic bacteria in vitro. The results showed that Clostridium butyricum and Bifidobacterium could significantly inhibit the growth and reproduction of Escherichia coli, typhoid bacillus and Shigella dysenteriae. Lu Jian and other researchers have shown that butyric acid bacteria have antagonistic effect on Vibrio cholerae and can inhibit Vibrio cholerae. Lu cunnv and other experiments have proved that butyric acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium infantis can significantly inhibit the growth of Clostridium difficile, and the combination of the two bacteria shows stronger biological antagonism than when they are cultured separately< br />
This series of experimental studies shows that butyric acid bacteria preparation is of great significance in adjusting intestinal microecology< br />
Enhance immune function and prevent tumor
Oral administration of Clostridium butyricum can increase the contents of immunoglobulin IgA and IgM in human and animal serum. The cell wall components of Clostridium butyricum and its extracellular polysaccharides (galactose: glucose =13.5:86.5) can inhibit the growth of tumor cells. The vaccine made of heat inactivated Clostridium butyricum can activate NK cells and macrophages< br />
After the body ingested dead bacteria of butyric acid bacteria (109 / g), Peyer's lymph node cells were aseptically removed from the intestinal epithelium, and the content of immunoglobulin IgA in serum was determined by ELISA. The content of immunoglobulin IgA in the test group (6µ g/ml) was significantly higher than that in the control group (0.5µ g/ml). After feeding chickens with the feed containing moemonic acid bacteria, the changes of ND-HI antibody titer in serum were measured. The results showed that the ND-HI titer increased rapidly after feeding for 1 week< br />
It was found that butyric acid bacteria cells have anti-tumor activity. It was found that extracellular soluble polysaccharides produced by butyric acid bacteria completely inhibited the growth of sarcomas. Others use MOET to treat transplanted tumors “ Jensen sarcoma ”, After killing butyric acid bacteria cells by heat, a bacterial vaccine is made, which is effective for bdf B16-F10 melanoma of mice was tested for anti metastasis. The vaccine stimulates the resistance of natural killer (NK) cells to the cytotoxicity of target cell YAC-1. The peak of antagonism appeared 72 hours after treatment, while the inhibition of cytotoxic activity by the largest macrophages appeared on days 9-11. This stimulation confirmed the role of activated NK cells and macrophages in anti metastasis< br />
Produce prebiotics in the intestine
In the intestinal tract, butyric acid bacteria can produce B vitamins, vitamin K and other substances, which has a health care effect on the body. Research on cerebral hemorrhage in breast fed infants has focused on vitamin K. Experiments on poultry with high sensitivity to vitamin K deficiency have proved that butyric acid bacteria can produce essential vitamin K in the intestine< br />
Clostridium butyricum can produce amylase, protease, glycosidase and cellulase in the intestine. In particular, Nakajima, a Japanese scholar, found that bacteria in the butyric acid Bayern Clostridium group in the intestine produce cleavage enzymes and pectin methylases that cut and cut pectin, which can degrade pectin in the intestine into intermediate products, namely oligogalactose and 4, 5-unsaturated galacturonic acid, which is finally decomposed into volatile short chain fatty acid acetic acid and a small amount of butyric acid and formic acid. These enzyme systems obviously have important physiological functions. We know that people and animals consume a lot of fiber and pectin in their bodies every day. Due to the role of these enzymes, the intermediate products can be used by lactic acid bacteria such as bifidobacteria, which promotes the growth and reproduction of these bacteria, and the final products can be absorbed and used by the body< br />
The main metabolite of Clostridium butyricum is butyric acid, which is the main nutrient for the regeneration and repair of intestinal epithelial cells. Therefore, it is of great significance for the regeneration and repair of intestinal epithelial tissue< br />
Good stability
Clostridium butyricum produces endophytic spores, so it can resist heat and acid, and is not affected by gastric acid and bile acid in the human body. Therefore, it does not inactivate through the digestive tract, and can be stored at room temperature in vitro for more than three years without failure. And it has certain resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, chloramphenicol, etc., so this preparation can be used with antibiotics to improve the curative effect. A large number of experiments have proved that it has no toxic and side effects, and is widely used in medicine, functional health food, animal feed additives and plant fertilizers< br />
Growth promoting function
Clostridium butyricum has this function depends on two points: first, the protease 1, protease 2 and lipase in its body can promote the digestion and absorption of fat and protein in animals. Second, Clostridium butyricum has the function of amino acid carrier, which can transport all amino acids, but does not decompose amino acids. Therefore, it is conducive to promoting animal growth. It was pointed out that protease, lipase, saccharifying bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and Clostridium butyricum were used as effective ingredients to make specific fish feed additives, which promoted the digestion and absorption of protein and fat in fish and increased the breeding rate. The added three kinds of bacteria can coexist in the intestinal tract, so that the functions of various organs can be better played, and the intestinal microenvironment can be improved. When 0.5% and 2% additives were added to the feed as the experimental group, after feeding for 8 weeks, the feed efficiency was 8.0% and 7.0% higher than that of the control group without additives, and the weight gain rate was 12.0% and 11.5% higher. In addition, they ate early, secreted more mucus on the body surface, had fresh body color, had an appropriate amount of fat in the meat, improved taste, decreased disease rate and mortality, reduced fecal odor, and were granular solids, which were easy to be removed. This function of Clostridium butyricum was also proved by experiments on broilers. Li Shu et al. Applied Clostridium butyricum preparation to aquatic products. As a result, the daily weight gain rate of fish and special aquatic products increased by about 30% - 40%, and that of omnivorous fish increased by more than 22% (Li Shu and Cong Ning, 1998)< br />
Other effects
A large number of data show that Clostridium butyricum alone or combined with Bifidobacterium, prebiotics, etc. has a good curative effect on acute and chronic diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, antibiotic related enteritis, constipation and other symptoms caused by flora imbalance, and can also play an auxiliary role in the treatment of enteritis, liver cirrhosis and the decline of immune function caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Many data also show that the bacterium can also promote the absorption of vitamin E, degrade cholic acid and improve antioxidant capacity.
